Critics have remarked that those four worthies were truly peerless throughout the ages; yet the present falls short of the pastβthe ancients favored unadorned simplicity, whereas the moderns prefer refined elegance. Styles of substance and ornament rise and fall in succession, shifting with the changing mores of the times; such evolution is simply the natural order of things. The ideal lies in honoring antiquity without clashing with the present, and embracing modernity without succumbing to its flawsβembodying that perfect balance of substance and refinement that defines the true gentleman. There is surely no need to abandon a carved palace in favor of a cave dwelling, or to trade a jade carriage for a primitive cart with solid wooden wheels.
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# Module 'os2emxpath' -- common operations on OS/2 pathnames
"""Common pathname manipulations, OS/2 EMX version.
Instead of importing this module directly, import os and refer to this
module as os.path.
"""
import os
import stat
from genericpath import *
from genericpath import _unicode
from ntpath import (expanduser, expandvars, isabs, islink, splitdrive,
splitext, split, walk)
__all__ = ["normcase","isabs","join","splitdrive","split","splitext",
"basename","dirname","commonprefix","getsize","getmtime",
"getatime","getctime", "islink","exists","lexists","isdir","isfile",
"ismount","walk","expanduser","expandvars","normpath","abspath",
"splitunc","curdir","pardir","sep","pathsep","defpath","altsep",
"extsep","devnull","realpath","supports_unicode_filenames"]
# strings representing various path-related bits and pieces
curdir = '.'
pardir = '..'
extsep = '.'
sep = '/'
altsep = '\\'
pathsep = ';'
defpath = '.;C:\\bin'
devnull = 'nul'
# Normalize the case of a pathname and map slashes to backslashes.
# Other normalizations (such as optimizing '../' away) are not done
# (this is done by normpath).
def normcase(s):
"""Normalize case of pathname.
Makes all characters lowercase and all altseps into seps."""
return s.replace('\\', '/').lower()
# Join two (or more) paths.
def join(a, *p):
"""Join two or more pathname components, inserting sep as needed"""
path = a
for b in p:
if isabs(b):
path = b
elif path == '' or path[-1:] in '/\\:':
path = path + b
else:
path = path + '/' + b
return path
# Parse UNC paths
def splitunc(p):
"""Split a pathname into UNC mount point and relative path specifiers.
Return a 2-tuple (unc, rest); either part may be empty.
If unc is not empty, it has the form '//host/mount' (or similar
using backslashes). unc+rest is always the input path.
Paths containing drive letters never have a UNC part.
"""
if p[1:2] == ':':
return '', p # Drive letter present
firstTwo = p[0:2]
if firstTwo == '/' * 2 or firstTwo == '\\' * 2:
# is a UNC path:
# vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv equivalent to drive letter
# \\machine\mountpoint\directories...
# directory ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
normp = normcase(p)
index = normp.find('/', 2)
if index == -1:
##raise RuntimeError, 'illegal UNC path: "' + p + '"'
return ("", p)
index = normp.find('/', index + 1)
if index == -1:
index = len(p)
return p[:index], p[index:]
return '', p
# Return the tail (basename) part of a path.
def basename(p):
"""Returns the final component of a pathname"""
return split(p)[1]
# Return the head (dirname) part of a path.
def dirname(p):
"""Returns the directory component of a pathname"""
return split(p)[0]
# alias exists to lexists
lexists = exists
# Is a path a directory?
# Is a path a mount point? Either a root (with or without drive letter)
# or a UNC path with at most a / or \ after the mount point.
def ismount(path):
"""Test whether a path is a mount point (defined as root of drive)"""
unc, rest = splitunc(path)
if unc:
return rest in ("", "/", "\\")
p = splitdrive(path)[1]
return len(p) == 1 and p[0] in '/\\'
# Normalize a path, e.g. A//B, A/./B and A/foo/../B all become A/B.
def normpath(path):
"""Normalize path, eliminating double slashes, etc."""
path = path.replace('\\', '/')
prefix, path = splitdrive(path)
while path[:1] == '/':
prefix = prefix + '/'
path = path[1:]
comps = path.split('/')
i = 0
while i < len(comps):
if comps[i] == '.':
del comps[i]
elif comps[i] == '..' and i > 0 and comps[i-1] not in ('', '..'):
del comps[i-1:i+1]
i = i - 1
elif comps[i] == '' and i > 0 and comps[i-1] != '':
del comps[i]
else:
i = i + 1
# If the path is now empty, substitute '.'
if not prefix and not comps:
comps.append('.')
return prefix + '/'.join(comps)
# Return an absolute path.
def abspath(path):
"""Return the absolute version of a path"""
if not isabs(path):
if isinstance(path, _unicode):
cwd = os.getcwdu()
else:
cwd = os.getcwd()
path = join(cwd, path)
return normpath(path)
# realpath is a no-op on systems without islink support
realpath = abspath
supports_unicode_filenames = False