Critics have remarked that those four worthies were truly peerless throughout the ages; yet the present falls short of the past—the ancients favored unadorned simplicity, whereas the moderns prefer refined elegance. Styles of substance and ornament rise and fall in succession, shifting with the changing mores of the times; such evolution is simply the natural order of things. The ideal lies in honoring antiquity without clashing with the present, and embracing modernity without succumbing to its flaws—embodying that perfect balance of substance and refinement that defines the true gentleman. There is surely no need to abandon a carved palace in favor of a cave dwelling, or to trade a jade carriage for a primitive cart with solid wooden wheels.🌌 SpectraShell

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Current path: lib64/python3.6/


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📄 Viewing: secrets.py

"""Generate cryptographically strong pseudo-random numbers suitable for
managing secrets such as account authentication, tokens, and similar.

See PEP 506 for more information.
https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0506/

"""

__all__ = ['choice', 'randbelow', 'randbits', 'SystemRandom',
           'token_bytes', 'token_hex', 'token_urlsafe',
           'compare_digest',
           ]


import base64
import binascii
import os

from hmac import compare_digest
from random import SystemRandom

_sysrand = SystemRandom()

randbits = _sysrand.getrandbits
choice = _sysrand.choice

def randbelow(exclusive_upper_bound):
    """Return a random int in the range [0, n)."""
    if exclusive_upper_bound <= 0:
        raise ValueError("Upper bound must be positive.")
    return _sysrand._randbelow(exclusive_upper_bound)

DEFAULT_ENTROPY = 32  # number of bytes to return by default

def token_bytes(nbytes=None):
    """Return a random byte string containing *nbytes* bytes.

    If *nbytes* is ``None`` or not supplied, a reasonable
    default is used.

    >>> token_bytes(16)  #doctest:+SKIP
    b'\\xebr\\x17D*t\\xae\\xd4\\xe3S\\xb6\\xe2\\xebP1\\x8b'

    """
    if nbytes is None:
        nbytes = DEFAULT_ENTROPY
    return os.urandom(nbytes)

def token_hex(nbytes=None):
    """Return a random text string, in hexadecimal.

    The string has *nbytes* random bytes, each byte converted to two
    hex digits.  If *nbytes* is ``None`` or not supplied, a reasonable
    default is used.

    >>> token_hex(16)  #doctest:+SKIP
    'f9bf78b9a18ce6d46a0cd2b0b86df9da'

    """
    return binascii.hexlify(token_bytes(nbytes)).decode('ascii')

def token_urlsafe(nbytes=None):
    """Return a random URL-safe text string, in Base64 encoding.

    The string has *nbytes* random bytes.  If *nbytes* is ``None``
    or not supplied, a reasonable default is used.

    >>> token_urlsafe(16)  #doctest:+SKIP
    'Drmhze6EPcv0fN_81Bj-nA'

    """
    tok = token_bytes(nbytes)
    return base64.urlsafe_b64encode(tok).rstrip(b'=').decode('ascii')

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